One of the three major nutrients and the body’s preferred fuel for extended sporting activities are carbohydrates.
There are two types of carbohydrates: simple sugars and complex starches. Simple sugars are found in foods like pasta, bread, grains, fruits, and potatoes. When carbohydrates are consumed, our body converts them into glucose and stores them as glycogen in the muscles and liver. The glycogen reserves provide us with valuable energy for slow, aerobic activities such as long-distance racing, biking, and triathlons. Our body only holds 400–500 grams (approximately 1,600–2,000 calories) of carbohydrates. For this reason, endurance athletes must employ fueling techniques in competitions, such as gels, sports drinks, and carbohydrate-rich foods.
