A switchback is a sharp turn, often 90 degrees or more, found on hilly or mountainous terrain, particularly during climbs or descents.
In cycling and trail running, switchbacks help manage steep gradients by zigzagging the route. On descents, they require technical skill to navigate at speed. On climbs, they can provide brief moments of relief or demand bursts of effort depending on the angle and road surface. Riders and runners alike must master switchbacks for success on varied terrain.
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